|
''Grammatical Man: Information, Entropy, Language, and Life'' is a 1982 book written by the Evening Standard's Washington correspondent, Jeremy Campbell. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=GRAMMATICAL MAN: Information, Entropy, Language, and Life )〕 The book touches on topics of probability, Information Theory, cybernetics, genetics and linguistics. The book frames and examines existence, from the Big Bang to DNA to human communication to artificial intelligence, in terms of information processes. The text consists of a foreword, twenty-one chapters, and an afterword. It is divided into four parts: ''Establishing the Theory of Information''; ''Nature as an Information Process''; ''Coding Language, Coding Life''; ''How the Brain Puts It All Together''. == Part 1: Establishing the Theory of Information == *The book's first chapter, ''The Second Law and the Yellow Peril'', introduces the concept of entropy and gives brief outlines of the histories of Information Theory, and cybernetics, examining World War II figures such as Claude Shannon and Norbert Wiener. *''The Noise of Heat'' gives an outline of the history of thermodynamics, focusing on Rudolf Clausius's 2nd Law and its relation to order and information. *In ''The Demon Possessed'' Campbell examines the concept of entropy and presents entropy as missing information. *Chapter Four, ''A Nest of Subtleties and Traps'', takes its name from a critique of one of the earliest theorems in probability theory, Law of large numbers (Bernoulli, 1713). The chapter outlines the history of probability, touching on characters such as Gerolamo Cardano, Antoine Gombaud, Bernoulli, Richard von Mises, and John Maynard Keynes. Campbell examines information and entropy as a probability distribution of possible messages and says that subjective versus objective interpretations of probability are made largely obsolete by an understanding of the relationship between probability and information. *''Not Too Dull, Not Too Exciting'' addresses the problem of clarifying order from disorder within communication by highlighting the role that redundancy plays in information theory. *In the last chapter of Part 1, ''The Struggle Against Randomness'', Campbell addresses the concepts published by Shannon in 1948—that a message can be sent from one place to another, even under noisy conditions, and be as free from error as the sender cares to make it, as long as it is coded in the proper form. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grammatical Man」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|